Timeline of North American Exploration 1492-1585

Traditionally, the age of exploration in America begins in 1492 with the first voyage of Christopher Columbus. Those expeditions began with a desire to find another way to the East, where the Europeans had created a lucrative trade route in spices and other goods. Once the explorers realized they had discovered a new continent, their countries began to explore, conquer, and then create permanent settlements in America. However, its best to recognize that Columbus wasnt the first human to put a foot in the Americas. Before about 15,000 years ago, the vast continents of North and South America had no human beings on them whatsoever. The following timeline covers the key events of the exploration of the New World. Pre-Columbian Explorations ~13,000 BCE: Hunters and fishers from Asia that archaeologists call Pre-Clovis entered the Americas from eastern Asia and spend the next 12,000 years exploring the coastlines and colonizing the interiors of North and South America. By the time the Europeans arrived, the descendants of the first colonists have populated all of both American continents. 870 CE: The Viking explorer Erik the Red (ca. 950–1003) reaches Greenland, begins a colony, and interacts with the local people he calls Skraelings. 998: Erik the Reds son Leif Erikson (c. 970–1020) reaches Newfoundland and explores the region from a small settlement called LAnse aux Meadows (Jellyfish Cove). The colony collapses within a decade. 1200: Polynesian sailors, descendants of the Lapita Culture, permanently settle Easter Island. 1400: Descendants of Easter Islanders land on the Chilean coast of South America and hobnob with the local residents, bringing chickens for dinner. 1473: Portuguese sailor Joà £o Vaz Corte-Real (1420–1496) explores (perhaps) the coast of North America, a land he calls Terra Nova do Bacalhau  (New Land of the Codfish). Columbus and Later Explorations (1492–1519) 1492–1493: Italian explorer Christopher Columbus makes three voyages paid for by the Spanish and lands on islands off the coast of the North American continent, not realizing he has found a new land. 1497: Italian navigator and explorer John Cabot (ca. 1450–1500), commissioned by Britains Henry VII, sights Newfoundland and Labrador, claiming this area for England before sailing south toward Maine and then returning to England. 1498: John Cabot and his son Sebastian Cabot (1477–1557) explore from Labrador to Cape Cod. Spanish explorer Vicente Yà ¡Ãƒ ±ez Pinzà ³n (1462–ca. 1514) and the (possibly) Portuguese explorer Juan Dà ­az de Solà ­s (1470–1516) sail into the Gulf of Mexico and visit the Yucatan peninsula and the coast of Florida. 1500: Portuguese nobleman and military commander  Pedro à lvares Cabral (1467–1620) explores Brazil and claims it for Portugal. Yà ¡Ãƒ ±ez Pinzà ³n discovers the Amazon River in Brazil. 1501: Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci (1454–1512) explores the Brazilian coast and realizes (unlike Columbus) that he has found a new continent. 1513: Spanish explorer and conquistador Juan Ponce de Leà ³n (1474–1521) finds and names Florida. As legend has it, he searches for the Fountain of Youth but doesnt find it. Spanish explorer, governor, and conquistador Vasco Nà ºÃƒ ±ez de Balboa (1475–1519) crosses the Isthmus of Panama to the Pacific Ocean to become the first European to reach the Pacific Ocean from North America. 1516: Dà ­az de Solà ­s becomes the first European to land in Uruguay, but most of his expedition is killed and perhaps eaten by local people. 1519: Spanish conquistador and cartographer  Alonso à lvarez de Pineda (1494–1520) sails from Florida to Mexico, mapping the gulf coast along the way and landing in Texas. Conquering the New World 1519–1565 1519: Spanish conquistador Hernà ¡n Cortà ©s (1485–1547) defeats the Aztecs and conquers Mexico. 1521: Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan, funded by Charles V of Spain, sails around South America into the Pacific. Despite Magellans death in 1521, his expedition becomes the first to circumnavigate the globe. 1523: Spanish conquistador Pà ¡nfilo de Narvà ¡ez (1485–1541) becomes governor of Florida but dies along with most of his colony after dealing with a hurricane, attacks by Native Americans, and disease. 1524: In a French-sponsored voyage,  Italian explorer  Giovanni de Verrazzano (1485–1528) discovers the Hudson River before sailing north to Nova Scotia. 1532: In Peru, Spanish conquistador Francisco Pizarro (1475–1541) conquers the Inca Empire. 1534–1536: Spanish explorer  Ãƒ lvar Nà ºÃƒ ±ez Cabeza de Vaca (1490–1559), explores from the Sabine River to the Gulf of California. When he arrives in Mexico City, his tales reinforce ideas that the Seven Cities of Cibola (aka Seven Cities of Gold) exist and are located in New Mexico. 1535: French explorer Jacques Cartier (1491–1557) explores and maps the Gulf of Saint Lawrence. 1539: French Franciscan friar Fray Marcos de Niza (1495–1558), sent by the Spanish governor of Mexico (New Spain), explores Arizona and New Mexico searching for the Seven Cities of Gold and foments rumor-mongering in Mexico City that he has seen the cities when he returns. 1539–1542: Spanish explorer and conquistador Hernando de Soto (1500–1542) explores Florida, Georgia, and Alabama, meets the Mississippian chiefdoms there and becomes the first European to cross the Mississippi River, where he is killed by the locals. 1540–1542: Spanish conquistador and explorer Francisco Và ¡squez de Coronado (1510–1554) leaves Mexico City and explores the Gila River, the Rio Grande, and the Colorado River. He reaches as far north as Kansas before returning to Mexico City. He too searches for the legendary Seven Cities of Gold. 1542: Spanish (or possibly Portuguese) conquistador and explorer Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo (1497–1543) sails up the California Coast and claims it for Spain. 1543: Followers of Hernando De Soto continue his expedition without him, sailing from the Mississippi River to Mexico. Bartolomà © Ferrelo (1499–1550), the Spanish pilot for Cabrillo continues his expedition up the California coast and reaches what is probably present-day Oregon. Permanent European Settlements 1565: The first permanent European settlement is founded by Spanish admiral and explorer Pedro Menendez de Aviles (1519–1574) at St. Augustine, Florida. 1578–1580: As part of his circumnavigation of the globe, English sea captain, privateer and slave trader  Francis Drake (1540–1596) sails around South America and into San Francisco Bay. He claims the area for Queen Elizabeth. 1584: English writer, poet, soldier, politician, courtier, spy, and explorer Walter Raleigh (1552–1618) lands on Roanoke Island and calls the land Virginia in honor of Queen Elizabeth. 1585: Roanoke in Virginia is settled. However, this is short-lived. When colonist and governor John White (1540–1593) returns two years later, the colony has disappeared. An additional group of settlers is left at Roanoke but when White returns again in 1590, the settlement has yet again disappeared. To this day, mystery surrounds their disappearance.

Personal Human Growth And Development Timeline - 944 Words

Personal Human growth and development timeline Going through this class and learning about each of the different phases was interesting. To go through and see which ones I have personally experienced. When we started to get in late adulthood it was slightly depressing thinking about growing old and the factor of death. Each part of our development we go through will mater when we reach that point in our lives if you think about it in that context. That’s why it is important to know your family history in order to plan for you future and prevent things from happening. The first type of development we have learned about was heredity and prenatal development. I guess you can say I have experienced that, which is weird to think about. I do not remember it, clearly! In this stage you are having genetic influences in your life, also transmission of physical traits to you (Rathus, 2015, pg. 27). During this stage in my life this is when I received all my physical and genetic traits. Like the color of my eyes, my gender, the slight astigmatism in my left eye, the color of my hair. I personally do not have any children so I do not know what it is like to experience prenatal development in my own children. Luckily my parents didn’t pass down any bad genetic traits to me. I am blessed with the life I have. The next type of development that comes is infancy development of physical, cogitative, social and emotional development. I am grouping these all togetherShow MoreRelatedThe Events, High Points And Key Moments Of Counseling History793 Words   |  4 PagesActivity 2 The timeline in Fig 1.2 showing â€Å"events, high points and key moments in counseling history† since the beginning of the 20th century both interested and surprised me in several ways. 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Blockbuster image Free Essays

There are 2 types of diversification: related and unrelated. Related diversification is where the company enters an associated market/ industry while unrelated diversification enters a market/industry with minimal to no experience at all. Relating these strategies to Blockbuster Inc, current portfolio, it loud seem that H. We will write a custom essay sample on Blockbuster image or any similar topic only for you Order Now W. Huskiness’s focus is on Diversification. As diversification is the option which entails the greatest risk (and potentially the greatest reward), alternatives must be presented to ensure that: a) risk would be minimized; and b) sustainability/growth must be achieved. A. Improve market penetration by concentrating resources on Video Rentals only. Financially, a low-risk option where the company will continue to earn or potentially increase their revenue by obtaining video rental customers from their competitors without having to spend on acquiring ewe and unsure businesses. O Sell previously acquired business units (e. Music retailer, TV and film shares, etc) and reinvest capital on promotions and rebinding as necessary. O Company could further specialize in current product marketing and development. O The concept of putting your eggs in one basket is somewhat of a risk in itself as the company would be fully reliant on the video rental market alone. B. Improve market penetr ation and venture on market development o This option has the benefits of Option A above without the risk of fully investing company resources n the local video rental market alone. As the local market is relatively saturated, new markets may be obtained internationally. O The relative risk is that investing in stores internationally will require capital and that the international markets may not be as responsive as local ones. C. Maintain/improve current performance of Video Rental sub-unit and Continue Diversification o Relatively risky option where current resources will be used not only to explore new products but explore new market s as well. O This option however, when executed properly can ensure the company’s true not only as a video rental giant but as an entertainment company. Done in the wrong way however can lead to disastrous results and the company’s downfall eventually. Current capital made through the â€Å"cash cow† of video rentals can be used to subsidize the newly purchased businesses in terms of capital investment, research and the like to improve the company’s position in the market for such. O If met with a cert ain level of success, the company can also explore market/product development for not only video rentals but for their new products as well. V. Decision Option C: Maintain/improve current performance of Video Rental sub-unit and Continue Diversification Though risky and work/capital intensive at the start, having the foresight of venturing into other forms related business as well would be most logical. However, through careful planning and prudent investing of current resources for future endeavors (in this case packaging the company as an upcoming changes in market structure and customer demand. Film and TV shares can be considered as backward integration which could strengthen their hold on the home entertainment† market while putting up entertainment centers can be seen as moving out of the same niche which they have thrived in for the past years. All this, while keeping their thriving home entertainment business segment intact. The key here in essence is to milk the cow for whatever it’s got, invest profits to penetrate new markets, engage in new segments and continuously redesign the company to meet the ever changing needs of the entertainment scene. Should this option fail if the related investments falter, the company should still be able to function at the present tit its strong market presence. Given however that the industry has been classified as a slow growing one, opportunities to gain more market share and/or segments should never be overlooked. Researching and adapting to new forms media for home entertainment should be focus of Blockbuster Inc (I. E. Product development) if they want to retain their claim as one of the biggest home entertainment companies. 1 Anions Growth Strategy Matrix, Business Strategy http://www. Acanthus. Com/databanks/ strategy/business_strategy. PH? Asps (Accessed on July 1 2, 2013) How to cite Blockbuster image, Papers

Harrison Bergeron Study Guide Answers free essay sample

Be able to define the following words and understand them when they appear in the story or class discussion. oppression-   Be able to define each term and apply each term to the story. calibrated-Mark (a gauge or instrument) with a standard scale of readings. consternation-confused amazement or fear cower-Crouch down in fear. hindrance-A thing that provides resistance, delay, or obstruction to something or someone. luminous-Bright or shining, esp. in the dark. synchronizing-Cause to occur or operate at the same time or rate vigilance alert attention,watchfulness ince to shrink/flinch involuntarily especially in pain. anachronism-A thing belonging or appropriate to a period other than that in which it exists, esp. a thing that is conspicuously old-fashioned. example:In literature, I can quote Shakespeare from Julius Caesar, a play written in the 16th century about events that happened in approximately 100 BC . . . he plucked me ope his doublet and offered them his throat to cut. We will write a custom essay sample on Harrison Bergeron Study Guide Answers or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page allusion- An expression designed to call something to mind without mentioning it explicitly; an indirect or passing reference. xample: â€Å"I am no Prince Hamlet. â€Å" setting-The place or type of surroundings where something is positioned or where an event takes place: a peaceful country setting. example:When the weather was good, I used the tree house in my backyard as an office. What is the setting of the story? Mostly during the day in a populated country. satire-The use of humor, irony, exaggeration, or ridicule to expose and criticize peoples stupidity or vices What is the author satirizing? Harrison looks. point of view- The main theme of the story. theme- related events. From what point of view is the story told? 1st person What is the theme of the story? Everyone should have equal laws but people shouldnt be treated differently. III.   Answer the following questions. 1. What has guaranteed equality in the story? Harrison shooting and demands. 2. How old is Harrison 14 ? 3. What has happened to Harrison and why? He was shot because he demanded to be emperor and everyone should be equal. 4. How has the government made George and Hazel equal? Because theyre married. What does George have to wear? A hearing band. And what does this do? Sends out an noisy sound every 20 sec or so. 5. What does Hazel say she would do if she were Handicap General? Ignore people 6. What is the name of the Handicap General? 7. What is the consequence for taking lessening the weight of the handicap bag? The louder the noise. 8. What reason does George give for not trying to cheat? That he’s sorry. Because of this reason, what can we infer about George’s opinion of the current laws? He hates them. 9. Why wasn’t the news bulletin clear at first to the George and Hazel and other viewers? Because the anchorman was stuttering. 10. Why did the ballerina apologize about her voice? Because it was deep and manly. 11. What is the news bulletin? Harrison is missing. 12. Describe Harrison Bergeron with all of his handicaps? Heavy scrap chains about 300 lbs, glasses that make him half blind,and a headset 13. What does Harrison declare on television? He’s emperor and that every handicap should take off there headset. 14. What happens to Harrison? Be specific. He was dancing with his empress and he was in the air and the general shot him before he reached the floor.

Internal Marketing Mix

Table of Contents Product Pricing Distribution Promotion Chocolate industry Outlook in the US Conclusion Reference List Product Haigh’s Chocolates has wide varieties of milk and dark chocolate products it can offer in the US market. The company offers these products in different quantities, quality, and packages. Consumers normally take packed or consume products in Haigh’s Chocolates branded packaging.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Internal Marketing Mix specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This is one method the company can use to attract its potential customers in the US. It knows that packaging communicates to all customers consuming its chocolate products. Thus, packaging of chocolate products must emphasize Haigh’s Chocolates brands in the US markets. It has to appeal to customers within the shortest time possible. Products packaging provides convenience to customers who want takeaway s, send gifts, or just consume them on the go. Customers may buy products over and over again because of packaging. Over the years, Haigh’s Chocolates has strived to improve its brands of milk and dark chocolate products for convenience, and for the comfort of its customers. Haigh’s Chocolates also ensures that all the company’s products have the same tastes across all its outlets. Haigh’s can guarantee all customers that the products will be of its standard always in all its different in the US and Australia with regard to their hand-made milk chocolate. It has learnt to give customers some level of comfort by providing quality milk and dark chocolates in all its outlets in the US. This enables the US customers know what to expect if the product does not meet their standards. This is necessary in cases where Haigh’s is selling hand-made milk chocolate. This flexibility enables customers to trust Haigh’s to deliver quality products always (K otler, Wong, Saunders and Armstrong, 2005). The US chocolate industry is competitive because of many players in the field. However, Haigh’s Chocolates does not need to modify its products in the US. Instead, the company can improve its quality of services in the target market. It is the service delivery that will differentiate it from the rest. The company should also introduce online purchase systems so that customers do not have to visit its outlets to get products. This is because the US lifestyle is one of the busiest in the world as opposed to where the company currently operates. Pricing Haigh’s Chocolates marketing mix tends must consider the total marketing mix when setting prices. This is because the competitive chocolate industry of the US cannot allow for non-price strategy implementation. At the same time, the use of phone services to sale products and delivery arrangement affects the price, promotion and distribution of its products. These will strongly af fect its pricing strategy in the US.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In all these marketing mix oriented towards pricing, Haigh’s Chocolates must remember that buyers rarely consider price alone. Instead, the products they seek must give them the best value (Brassington, and Pettitt, 2005). The company can set its prices higher than those of Australia because the US economy is advanced and customers have spending power. Haigh’s Chocolates has learnt that it is selling to the high-end consumers in Australia. It will have to target the same customers in the US. Thus, the company pricing strategy and implementation is essential. Pricing implementation must consider the message it is sending to customers. The US customers want value for their money. Price implementation must consider competition. The US chocolate industry is extremely competitive. Haigh’s Ch ocolates will not be the only chocolate retailer in most busy streets of the US. Thus, setting prices to beat competition is a strategy that the company must evaluate carefully before implementation. In some cases, customers are sensitive to high prices, particularly in busy streets. This leads to price elasticity has Haigh’s Chocolates will try to introduce low cost chocolate products and combined items for low prices. However, some customers will pay more for the value of chocolate and services the company will offer than get it elsewhere at a relatively lower price. Pricing strategy and implementation will control all other elements of the marketing mix (Solomon, Marshall and Stuart, 2009). Distribution Haigh’s Chocolates must be selective in choosing its outlets in the US. The company will find busy streets, and places of high-end consumers among others. This strategy is necessary because it will ensure that Haigh’s Chocolates sells and distributes its produ cts to the target market. Distribution in such places will make the company conducts a lucrative business in already competitive industry. The company must also create the demands for its products. Implementation of distribution strategy must consider access to Haigh’s Chocolates target markets. Haigh’s Chocolates has known the importance of choosing high-end places for its retail outlets, and so it must do the same in new target markets. Distribution defines the quality of services and products a company may offer. The company must implement a place strategy that matches its brand image, and pricing goals of its products. This explains why the company chooses high-end places and busy streets to attract consumers who are from work, and have no time to spend on queue.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Internal Marketing Mix specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More When implementing a distribution strategy, Ha igh’s Chocolates must take into account the price, products’ image, place, and customer perception of its products and services. It must also study the US market dynamics and stay ahead of the competition. This will mean appropriate choices of its retail outlets, and opening new channels. The company must also ensure that distribution channels must catch the attention of customers and employees. There are certain consumers who may not buy some products from certain locations due to different factors such as the distance, insecurity, and pricing among others (Solomon, 2006). Promotion Incorporation of promotional strategy is necessary for the development of a business opportunity in a competitive industry. Companies rely on communication for building their brand images and creating awareness about their products. The company must consider the message and tools of communication in order to reach its target market. Haigh’s Chocolates must consider how to implement its advertisement messages using different media so as to appeal to various segments of the market. It may also engage the use of direct market such as seeking for referrals, public relations, support community-based events, and working on its company brochures and its Website. (Berry and Wilson, 2001) The company must cover every communication method used in marketing including social media. At the same time, these modes must appeal to various markets of chocolate consumers. These methods must drive traffics and also make people buy chocolate products from its outlets. This is how to ensure that a company is using an Integrated Marketing Communication strategy and implementing it well. Since there are different channels of communication, the implementing body must ensure that messages are consistent, and remain the same in all media channels. Thus, Haigh’s Chocolates must manage different cases of misinformation if it as different sales forces and separate public relations, or a promotion group i.e. the message must remain the same. Chocolate industry Outlook in the US Haigh’s Chocolates has to struggle with well established chocolate companies in the US so as to establish its brand. According to AC Nielsen’s study, consumption of premium chocolate is growing rapidly at 24 percent in the year 2006. In 2007, there was an increment of 3.9 percent.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Given this scenario, companies like Mars Snackfood have taken the advantage by introducing new ranges of premium varieties of its Dove chocolate. Ghirardelli has also increased its varieties of dark chocolate with three new ones. The company based its approach on the growing popularity of dark chocolate brands due to its healthy benefits. Ghirardelli sales have grown by 49 percent selling dark chocolates between 2003 and 2006 with sales reaching $ 1.2 billion. At the same time, there are also growths in other brands of chocolates. These are some of the competitions that Haigh’s Chocolates must implement its marketing mix while taking account of them. These companies have diverse ranges of chocolates in healthy and luxury brands. They know that the US consumers want luxury and not average chocolates. In addition, the product must also be healthy and offer sophisticated recipes (Business Services Industry, 2008). Conclusion International marketing has grown as firms extended th eir operations outside their domestic markets. Haigh’s Chocolates must contend with issues of market entry strategy, develop, or adapt its marketing mix for the US market. This must involve thorough decision-making processes. These approaches must aim at identifying satisfying needs and wants of the US chocolate market. The US chocolate industry has differential advantages and competitive edges in terms of a marketing mix; thus Haigh’s Chocolates must make its products and services attractive and competitive than other competitors’ products and services. It can only achieve this through using marketing mix techniques. It must also ensure that its marketing mix approach aligns well with its strategic vision of expansion. It must enhance the achievement of long-term goals and help propel the company into the desired future growth in the international market (Johansson, 2009). Reference List Berry, T and Wilson, D 2001, On Target: The Book on Marketing Plans, Palo Alto Software Inc, Eugene, OR. Brassington, F and Pettitt, S 2005, Essentials of Marketing, Pearson Education Limited, Essex. Business Services Industry 2008, ‘The Premium Chocolate Category in the US Grew by 24% in 2006, Compared with Overall Growth in the Chocolate Market of 3.9%’, United States Food Drink Report, Q1 2008 , pp. 1-2. Johansson, J 2009, Global Marketing: Foreign Entry, Local Marketing, Global Management, 5th ed, McGraw-Hill/Irwin, New York. Kotler, P, Wong, V, Saunders, J and Armstrong, G 2005, Principles of Marketing, 4th ed, Pearson Education Limited, Essex. Solomon, M 2006, Consumer Behavior, Prentice Hall Europe, New Jersey. Solomon, M, Marshall, G, and Stuart E 2009, Marketing: Real People, Real Decisions: European Edition, Pearson Education Ltd, Boston, MA. This essay on Internal Marketing Mix was written and submitted by user Nightmare to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

How to Answer the “What Motivates You” Job Interview Question

How to Answer the â€Å"What Motivates You† Job Interview Question The â€Å"What motivates you?† question is a job interview standard, but it can be tricky to answer, and lots of prospective employees find they often have no idea what to say. The last thing you want to do, however, is to give a vague or noncommittal answer. Think of this annoyingly broad and open-ended question as a great opportunity to show off a unique side of yourself in the interview. Remember, interviewers are trying to get at what makes you tick with questions like these. Show what you are passionate about, what makes you excited and enthused to go to work- your answer can help a hiring manager gauge whether you’d be a good fit for the company culture. Say you love digging into projects and barely coming up for meals†¦ you’ll want to be in a more solo position rather than a team-building co-working situation.The best way to answer this question is to be honest, but revelatory, and to use it to your advantage. Here are a few strategies for preparing a killer answer.1. Think about past jobs.What happened during your best days at your last job? What did you look forward to the most about going to work? What made you go home excited and gushing?2. Frame for the job you want.If you’re applying for a managerial position, try to frame your answer to include relationship building, or encouraging your team to reach goals. If a particular skill is required for the position, try to frame your answer to show you being dominant at that skill. Feel free to mention your successes- just don’t brag.3. Self reflect honestly.Your interviewer will see through an answer that lacks self-awareness, even if it’s a good sound byte. Really do the work to probe into what makes you tick. Think about what sorts of projects inspire you the most, and try to get a sense of what really, honestly motivates you.4. Be specific.Just saying you’re a people person and love making the work environment fun isn’t going to cut it. Make a convincing case that’s relevant to the job you’re applying for. Talk about team building, sales goals, training, etc.5. Be concise.You may find there are a lot of things that drive and motivate you. Try not to spew them all out in your answer. Stay on message. Be concise and coercive. Your top three motivators are x, y, and z. And these relate directly to your job performance because†¦6. Be positive.Whatever you do, be upbeat! No one is going to believe you’re motivated by anything if you can’t muster any enthusiasm in your answer. Don’t go overboard, but show some spirit and positivity.7. Don’t be greedy.Even if money is your number one motivator, it’s best to keep this little secret to yourself. Choose your second best motivator and lead with that.

Groupwork Tools Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Groupwork Tools - Essay Example The important aspects or tools through which the productivity of team work is affected are numerous. Therefore, to accomplish utmost efficiency, group or any team work requires certain tools to enhance the chances of accomplishing targets. Working effectively in a group involves few basic and compulsory steps which include introduction, looking for similarities with any group member, listening intently to others, praising others, taking turns, honesty, invisible support to others, avoiding arguments and conflicts, pleasantly providing alternatives for suggested ideas by other member so to put it more optimistically, promoting humor, showing courtesy and frankness if need be, giving opportunity to new and young members to share their ideas and put all the ideas in writing without missing important suggestions, being generous to share ideas with a group and appreciate them on uniqueness brought by them and finally shared decision making (Pausch, 1998). The more positive attitude and energy prevail in a group, the maximum creativity and productivity can be attained from a group work (Sawyer, 2012). The problems which can be faced by any group member are due to the apathetic attitude of other group members, which directly affects the learning process and, hence, an individual is unable to bring his share of productivity in it (Clark, 2003). Often, many abilities aren’t recognized unless a person indulges himself in a group activity which supports and shines out the ability in him (Douglas, 2000). Therefore, aloof and tactless behavior hinders the learning and developing process of other group members and decreases the chance of attaining shared vision. Absence of cooperative and collaborative approach dwindles the interest of others and, hence, reduces the chance of learning experience or recognition of one’s hidden potential (Brody, 1998). If a team member is unaware of the group

What do You expect will be The Character of the 21st Century Essay

What do You expect will be The Character of the 21st Century - Essay Example This has all come to be in the present century, and the damage all this groups have caused is visible. There exists examples of drug groups becoming successful because of the network type of organizational setting. ‘All these licit and illicit social groupings have in common the network form of organization—hallmarks of which include minimal central control and great connectivity’ (Of networks and nations, 1). All this illicit groups have grown to be successful and result to many misunderstandings and problems in the world because of the networking type of organization2. Though its undisputed that the network type of organization has made improvements in the world like in sectors such as human rights activists groups, they have done more damage than good. Despite the fact that it has a lot of negative effects, networks cannot be left out in the development of a country if it is to grow and rise in everything. The solution to all this is accepting hat we cannot liv e without networks and instead of using it to build more destruction to the country, we can use it for the wellbeing of society3. We can use it to build the economy and invent better ways of developing the country instead of looking at the present benefits while there lie deeper and long term damaging effects. An example is of America and how its network supports existence of nuclear weapons. They do not look at the long term effects hat state the fact that once this weapons are used on various countries, they are the ones who still use funds to help the affected countries. The short term effect is that the weapons help in case of an attack from any enemy while another fact is that other terrorism units will get hold of them and use them in causing a lot of destruction. All this point out to the fact that the 21st century is bound to have a lot of chaos at the turn at which everything is taking. John J. Mearsheim involves in the 21st century struggle for power amongst each other for various alleged reasons. He talks of the belief that most states who lead have great military power 4. Most states believe that once one is a super power, she must have some superficial powers that none can surpass; hence she cannot be attacked by any enemy at all. States aim at controlling all the wealth in the world and since they believe I the fact that power goes hand in hand with control, they struggle for the top slot in leadership. The issue about arsenal superiority is core in the struggle for the world’s to leadership slot. Most countries believe the fact that once they are the top country, they get the advantage of having enough resources of making the most superior weapons which prevent any threats of attack from any nations which grow to fear them5. Therefore, they get to protect their citizens very efficiently and comfortably. They also consider the fact that they will acquire most land once they rise to superiority; hence the fact that they end up fighting for the top slot of superiority. Having noted the importance with which nations in the 21st century take superiority, it is evident that they apply any skills to be at the top. Most of these methods are destructive; hence, end up causing confusion everywhere. The first method they consider fit to gain power is through war. Most countries believe that when they wage a war and win it, they gain superiority over all other nations. This was as the case during the cold war. The fact they fail to comprehend is the that when they w

'Level of processing' model of memory Math Problem

'Level of processing' model of memory - Math Problem Example Eysenck tested this model to see if it could explain reported differences between young and old people in their ability to recall verbal material. Eysenck predicted that there would be an interaction between age and recall condition, more specifically that younger participants would recall more words when using deeper levels of processing. 30 subjects between 55 and 65 years of age, and 30 subjects between 18 and 30 years of age were allocated to one of three groups - two incidental learning groups and one intentional group. Each group was presented with a list of 27 words and their recall was tested later. One group was asked to count the letters in each word; one group had to read each word and think of a word that rhymed with it. Neither of these two groups was told that they would later have to recall these words. Finally, the intentional learning group was asked to read through the list and memorize it for later recall. The aims of this study are to investigate whether different learning or age groups have an effect on recall ability and whether there is an interaction between the two groups (age and learning). You must use appropriate ANOVA techniques to investigate and interpret the given information and to complete the tasks given on the following page. From the table above, it is evident that the young are able to recall many words than the old. The young can recall some 11 words with a standard deviation of 6.077 while the old can recall some 8 words with a standard deviation of 2.5. The ability to recall among the young people is a bit varying than the recalling ability of the old people. Table 2: Total number of words recalled per Group Level of processing Mean N Std. Deviation Counting 6.65 20 1.182 Rhyming 7.00 20 1.170 Intentional 15.15 20 4.511 Total 9.60 60 4.809 Intentional group has the highest recalling ability than the other groups. Participants in this group can recall 15 words with a standard deviation of 4.5. Rhyming groups recalls 7 words with a standard deviation of 1.1 while counting group recalls 7 words with a standard deviation of 1.2. On variation, the intentional group has the most variations in terms of recalling than the other groups. Table 3: Tests of Between-Subjects Effects Source Type III Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Corrected Model 1254.600 5 250.920 123.403 .000 Intercept 5529.600 1 5529.600 2719.475 .000 AGE 112.067 1 112.067 55.115 .000 GROUP 925.300 2 462.650 227.533 .000 AGE * GROUP 217.233 2 108.617 53.418 .000 Error 109.800 54 2.033 Total 6894.000 60 Corrected Total 1364.400 59 R Squared = .920 (Adjusted R Squared = .912) Both the age and the group are significant in determining the number of words one can recall at 95% level of significance. Further, age and group have significant interaction with each other. Figure 1 From figure 1 above, it is evident that the young had the least ability to recall among the counting group than the old age. However, both Rhyming and intentional had the highest recalling capability than the same groups of old the age. Among the old, both counting and rhyming have the same recalling capacity. Table 4: ANOVA of total number of words recalled per Age Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Between Groups 112.067 1 112.067

William Shakespeare: Research Assignment

William Shakespeare: Research Assignment William Shakespeare is most arguably the best English poet and story writer the English literature world has ever known. Some of his famous works that one may recognize includes Macbeth, Hamlet, Romeo and Juliet and many others. But there were plenty of other things happening in England during the sixteenth and seventeenth century. Important events like the defeat of the Spanish Armada, treaty of peace between England and France, alliance between England and Netherlands, discovery and exploration of the new world, and the rise/fall of plenty of English rulers. All of these events impacted Shakespeare in one way or the other which could make one want to study Shakespeares work and compare/contrast the real world events with his work. If one doesnt know of William Shakespeare then theyve been hiding under a rock for centuries. William was a son of a wealthy business owner and active citizen of Stratford-upon-England. Shakespeare father then married Mary Arden in 1557 and had William on April 23, 1564. The black plague was decimating England in the fifteenth century and William was lucky that he survived. He lost several siblings to the plague including his older sisters Joan and Margaret. During that time period William and his brother Gilbert escaped the grasp of the deathly plagued and would both grow up to become successful people. William started school at the age of six at the Stratford grammar school. He was taught primarily in Latin but he also learned in English. Some believe that William was taken out of school at the age of thirteen due to financial problems but that wouldnt stop young William from learning. When he was about the age of eighteen he married a woman named Anne Hathaway, who was older and pregnant at the time. They had their first born in 1583 and they named her Susanna. Two years later they had twins by the name of Hamnet and Judith. Sadly one of the twins, Hamnet, died in 1596 due to unknown causes which affected William deeply. During this time, England was in a time of military dominance and golden age. They were about to go explore the new world and had unofficially involved in hostilities against Spain since the 1570s(Patrick, Pg 331). They were starting to gain wealth and power at a rapid rate. This certainly affected the citizens of England by ways of culture and entertainment. During this time, Shakespeare around the late 1500s was an inspiring actor and playwright. After gaining prominence in London, he became part owner of the Globe Theater and Blackfriars Theater in 1603. He continued acting until 1613 where he went to his hometown of Stratford to retire and sadly die in 1616, exactly 52 years to the day of his birth. William Shakespeare died in a time of religious controversy, exploration of life and values, and the start of personal freedom and protection. England was a country with many problems but that was only inspiration for Shakespeare along with personal events affected him. For example the death of his son caused sorrow for him which in turn was expressed in his writing. The sorrow also came through when he joined different acting troupes which also helped him to gain ideas and thoughts about drama. All of these events and tragedys eventually combine and come through Shakespeare writing and with his fame that he found during acting, it only took a matter of time for his writing to gain popularity. Though William Shakespeare was never a rich man, he still continued to follow what he loved most. He lived comfortably in Stratford which was all that he wanted for he would continue writing dramas and comedys that all would become famous either back then or right now. But people of England were not an easy crowd to please back in the 16th and 17th century. There was much upheaval in their government around this time which consisted of executions of political members to the public or assassinations. The Irish and Scots also were trying to gain their own independence from England around the late 1500s which made England be in constant war with countrys all around them. But even after Shakespeares death there was war and political unrest. The Thirty Years War begins, lasts until 1648,(britannia.com) and the exploration of the new world is fully underway which lead to England becoming more resourceful. Around the 1620s, ten years after the death of Shakespeare, King Charles I is forced to accept parliaments statement about civil rights in return for money so he can continue fighting his wars. This really marked the first time other then the Magna Carta that the king of England gives the people rights and civil liberties but of course they had to bargain for it. But not long after that King Charles I actually dissolve the parliament and rules England himself for the next 10 years. Dissolving the parliament wasnt actually a bad idea because King Charles I made peace with Spain and France which wouldnt of happened if parliament was still running. There has been many changes to England all during this time but its important to look back at history and truly see. William Shakespeare was in some way a motivator or influencer of England and its people who were in constant war and in chaos. If one looks back and compares the history of England to Shakespeares stories then they can see the similarities between them. When a reader today picks up a Shakespeare book or tale and reads it, its almost like looking back at England in that time period as if you were there and witness what it was like. Shakespeare gives us imagery and passion about England and thats why with his skills of writing and interesting dramatic stories that we still read about him and his tales today. Bibliography 1598, By. William Shakespeare. Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 11 Nov. 2010. . Britannia: British History and Travel. Web. 11 Nov. 2010. . WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE. Web. 11 Nov. 2010. . James A. Patrick. Renaissance And Reformation. New York: Marshall Cavendish, Giovanni Caselli. The Renaissance And the New World. New York: Peter Bedrick Books, 1986. Catherine de Medicis. Reformation, Exploration, Empire. Danbury: Grolier, 2005.

Tragedy In Genesis Essay -- Genesis Tragedies Tragedy Essays

Tragedy In Genesis People tend to view tragedy in cataclysmic and catastrophic terms. Every night on the news we hear murders, assassinations and bombings referred to as Atragedies.@ Tragedy need not be an event which affects the community at large. Rather, any event which teaches an important lesson to a specific person or a group of people can be viewed as a type of tragedy. While the Greek tragedies focused upon the catastrophic nature of tragedy, The Biblical Book of Genesis provides the reader with another tragic paradigm. Genesis describes tragic events which are neither catastrophic nor transforming. In fact, according to the Genesetic paradigm, tragedy need not end in death. Before entering into a detailed discussion of Genesis, we must attempt to define the term tragedy itself. Walter Kaufmann defines tragedy in an almost scientific kind of way. To him, every tragedy must fit into exactly the same mold in precisely the same fashion. He writes: tragedy is (1) a form of a literature that (2) presents a symbolic action as performed by actors and (3) moves into the center immense human suffering (4) in such a way that it brings to our minds our own forgotten and repressed sorrows as well as those of our kin and humanity (5) releasing us with some sense (a) that suffering is universal- not a mere accident in our experience, (b) that courage and endurance in suffering or nobility in despair are admirable- not ridiculous- and usually also ( c) that fates worse than our own can be experienced as exhilarating Kaufmann=s definition precludes seeing the notion of tragedy through a wider lens. His definition is all encompassing and requires many factors in order to be considered a tragedy. To him, very few writings are true tragedies. A tragedy must end in death (Aimmense human suffering@) for it to be included within the canon of tragedy. Seemingly, tragedy could not occur within the mundane as Kaufmann emphasizes that it must be a form of literature and performed by actors. Without suffering, a work of literature cannot be considered tragedy. Kaufmann=s definition was shaped by the works of Sophocles and Euripides. Although there were three primary tragedy writers in antiquity, Kaufmann does not seem to be able to cope with alternative modes of tragedy as expressed by Aeschylus. Instead of accepting the concept of dual definitions or para... ...c thing that could have happened to Jacob. Jacob responds to the news by Atearing his clothing, placing a sack across his loins and mourning for his son many days. All of the siblings attempted to comfort their father, but he would not be comforted. He said: I will go to my grave a mourner.@ It would seem that catastrophic tragedy has befallen the house of Jacob. However, the Aaudience@ is aware of certain factors which are not apparent to Jacob. Jacob really believes that his son is dead. At the same time that Jacob feels immense loss, Joseph is blessed with wealth and power in Egypt. As in all other Genesetic plays, positive experiences stem out of negative actions. The brothers had intended Joseph to be sold into slavery and he rises to become the Viceroy of the land. In fact, the Bible states that: AGod was with Joseph and he became a successful person in the house of the Egyptian.@ Act three opens with the meeting of Joseph and his brothers. They are accused of smuggling goods out of the country and are brought in front of the Viceroy. Since several years had passed and Joseph had matured, they did not recognize him. He asked them if they had any other brothers at home.

BlackHawk War And Seminole War

Two monumental wars began because of these disagreements, the Black Hawk War and the Second Seminole War. With these two wars the Tribal Indians classical fought on the grounds where they didn't feel it was right they as the land owners would be kicked off their rightful land because the government wanted it for their own use. The Second Seminole War was lead by an Indian named Solaces (Hatch, 2012). Solaces was the son of a white man and Indian women.Solace's father would beat his mother in front of him often until one day she chose to run (Chance, 2003). Solaces was captured one time after running which gave him a greater hatred for the ones he called â€Å"The White Man† (Chance, 2003). In 1819 Spain had turned Florida into the Unites States and the Native Americans that had fled south Were Once again caught in U. S territory who they knew would try to relocate them away from their home. Solaces was a part of one of the tribes, the â€Å"Seminole† tribe that was goin g to have to move towards the Mississippi.Solaces did not want him or his people to have to move, so when there was a meeting that was going to be held most of the other tribes signed their treaties agreeing to move their tribes out of Florida, but the Seminole tribe refused to move, Solaces stated as he stood up at the meeting with a knife in his hand â€Å"This is the only treaty I will make with the whites† (Hatch, 2012). From that point on it was a war between the government and the Seminole. For years the Generals could not take over the Seminole Tribe.The tribe was strong like their leader Solaces and the tribe knew the area well to know how to take advantage of anyone coming to hurt them or their people (Hatch, 2012). The Seminole Tribe fought many small wars and never lost until their leader got very sick with malaria and became very weak (Hatch, 2012). Solaces had two leaders under him which guided and ran the troops, but the tribe depended on Solace's strength and w hen he got weak so did all of his Indian Army.Towards the end of the war a General Hernandez was allowed to come to the Seminole camp, the Seminole hung its white flag at half mass as it's flag of truce, but since the Seminole had such a stubbornness to them when it came to the Generals and their Army, General Hernandez had his men silently surround the camp and when given the sign they took it over and the invincible Solaces was captured and imprisoned (Hatch, 2012). A year later Solaces died and when he died about only 100 Seminole were left in Florida (Hatch, 2012).The Blackjack War also happened during the sass's. Black Hawk himself as one of the Auk Indians. Two chiefs had agreed to a treaty that the Auk Indians would leave the land east of the Mississippi and let the government have it. Back Hawk and other Auk Indians did not believe these chiefs had the right to give this land away (Wisconsin, 2014). A quarter century later settlers began to start taking over the land with no respect for any treaties at the time and the Auk Indians thought it was futile to resist the overwhelming white forces (Wisconsin, 2014).Black Hawk decided to lead 1,200 Auk's in the hope of reoccupying their home and land (keep in mind Black Hawk didn't hind the treaty was real and thought it was fraudulent because of who had did the signing) and if anything bad Was to happen the British would come to his aid (which they did not) (Wisconsin, 2014). In 1832 for 16 weeks Black Hawk and his followers had plans. The warriors would fight and the non- combatants would try to find ways across the Mississippi River to safety.Many died from hunger, thirst, exhaustion, and were buried on the trail (Wisconsin, 2014). Troops were able to attacks when the Auk's Indians reached the banks of the Mississippi near the mouth of the Bad Axe River Wisconsin, 2014). In the end Black Hawk left his followers to surrender and only 150 Indians survived out of the 1,200 that began with Black Hawk. The two tribes didn't want to just give up land they believed was there, but who can blame them.Imagine if someone came into your home and said they were going to take it and you had to move with your family. These two tribes suffered a great deal and the families all suffered with so many dead. There is one big difference between the two wars though. Each tribe had one main leader Solaces and Black Hawk. Solaces did retreat as did Black Hawk, but Black Hawk just ended up giving up on his followers completely where Solaces didn't. Solaces tried to finally work with the military and come up with a treaty for his followers.Solaces didn't just give up and walk away from his followers in hopes they make it. Regardless of all the history, all the Indian tribes were treated unfairly and were always bullied by the government to due whatever the government thought was best (which was always best for the government, not everyone involved). The Tribes did fight and did try to stand their ground and h old onto their land. In the end the tribes just weren't strong or big enough to fight off he militias and troops involved against them and lost both battles.

Portrayal of Grecian Women essays

Portrayal of Grecian Women essays The Portrayal of Grecian Women in Ancient Art The Greeks were one of the most advanced cultures of ancient times and this was reflected in their art work. They had a preoccupation with the human figure that resulted in beautifully and geometrically perfect pieces. Since the Greeks were such an advanced culture one would assume the equality standards between sexes were also more advanced then other ancient cultures who were less civilized at the time. This was not the case. Women of Greece unfortunately were not equal to men of the time. But even though Greek women did not have much independence or importance they still made a lasting impression on art that stood the test of time. Ancient Greek women lived under some pretty sever rules especially, when it came to their home life. They only left the home for religious purposes or festivals for women. Women could not take part in voting, hold public office, or take any "important" position in society. (Adams 1) Aristotle was quoted saying , "The deliberative is not present at all in the slave, in the female it is inoperative, in the child undeveloped." (Adams 1) Women were segregated to different quarters of the house and had no free choice of marriage partners. Marriage was an "economic transaction" by the parents of the couple. (Adams 1) the women was usually much younger then the man and had never met him before. And once married a women became her husbands responsibility. She had no independent status, her life was devoted to child bearing and looking after the family and house hold. (Adams 1) Perikles a famous philosopher quoted "women should be spoken of as little as possible among men, whether for good or ill." (Adams 1) Women could own nothing except personal possessions. They also were not aloud to be involved in any purchase or transaction worth a large sum of money. Women also had no freedom to divorce unless taking their husband to court and...

Ideas for Celebrating Student Birthdays in School

Ideas for Celebrating Student Birthdays in School Teachers celebrate many special days in their classrooms throughout the school year, but birthdays are a special celebration and teachers should make it special for each student. Here are a few ideas for celebrating student birthdays  in the classroom. Birthday Placemats, Balloons, and Covers Make your students day even more special by placing a birthday placemat on their desk. When students enter the classroom everyone will know whos birthday it is by looking at the desks. For an added touch you can attach a brightly colored balloon to the back of the students seat, and cover their chair with a birthday chair cover. All About Me Poster When you know its one of your students birthdays coming up have that child create a special all about me poster. Then, on the day of their birthday, have them share their poster with the class. Birthday Questions Each time it is someones birthday in the class each student gets to ask the birthday student a question from the flower pot. For directions on how to make the flower pot and a downloadable question bank visit Fun For First. Birthday Graph Celebrate birthdays in your classroom by having students create a birthday graph! During the first week of school as a class create a birthday graph that will pose as the birthday bulletin board. Above each month, put the students birthday. Birthday Bags Every child loves getting presents on the birthday! So here is an idea that will not break the bank. At the beginning of the school year go to the nearest Dollar Store and purchase the following items: Cellophane bags, pencils, erasers, candy, and a few trinkets. Then make a birthday bag for each student. This way when their birthday comes around, you will already be prepared. You can even print out cute labels that say Happy Birthday with their name in it. The Birthday Box To create a birthday box all you have to do is cover a shoe box with birthday wrapping paper and place a bow on the top of it. In this box place a birthday certificate, pencil, eraser, and/or any small trinket. When students enter the classroom have each person make the birthday girl or boy a birthday card (this goes in the box too). Then at the end of the day when its time to celebrate give the student their birthday box. Birthday Wish Book Celebrate each students birthday by having the class create a birthday wish book. In this book have each student fill out the following information: Happy Birthday, _____My birthday wish for you on your birthday is _______If I could give you a gift I would give you _______The thing I like the best about you is ______Have a great day! From _______ Once students have filled out their page for the book have them draw a picture. Then assemble all of the pages into a book for the birthday student to take home. Mystery Gift A fun gift to give to students on their birthday is a mystery bag. Purchase one or more items (the dollar store has great cheap gifts for kids) and wrap the items up in different colored tissue paper. Choose dark colors so the student cannot see what is inside. Then place the gifts into a basket and allow the student to choose whichever gift they want.

Business Law Individual coursework Scenario 2 Essay

Business Law Individual coursework Scenario 2 - Essay Example The purpose of damages is to compensate the aggrieved party for its loss and put it in a financial position in which it would have been had the contract been performed. While awarding damages, the courts make sure that the damage or loss is not too remote. The defendants are held liable only for the loss that is attributable to their breach and for all the results of their actions. In Hadley v Baxendale,1the defendant contracted to take the plaintiff’s mill shaft to London. It was to be used as a pattern to make a new one. The defendant was unable to deliver the shaft on time due to his own fault. The plaintiff claimed damages for the loss of profits that would have been earned if the shaft was delivered on time. It was held that the loss was too remote as the plaintiff never indicated that there would be a loss of profit in case of a delay and so the defendant was not liable. In this case, the court made a very important distinction between usual damage and non-usual damage. Usual damage is the one which can be reasonably expected by anyone from the circumstances. Non-usual damage is one that arises due to circumstances that are unknown to the defendant and he is unable to anticipate the loss. In Victoria Laundry (Windsor) Ltd v Newman Industries Ltd2, the defendant had to deliver a boiler to the plaintiff and the delivery was five months late. Not having enough laundry capacity, the plaintiff lost a lucrative contract. The plaintiff sued for lost profits. It was held that the defendant was only liable for ordinary losses and not for the extraordinary ones as he did not have the knowledge of the extraordinary circumstances. The given facts indicate that Fred usually availed George’s services. This means that George could only have anticipated the loss of usual opportunities for Fred. There is no indication that Fred specifically brought the extraordinary circumstances to the knowledge of George. He did not have the

Internet Citizenship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Internet Citizenship - Essay Example And it is a decisive factor in any political or governmental action now. Even otherwise, because of air travel becoming cheaper, movement of people of one country to another has become easier. Internet has made people more aware of the similarities in culture of other countries and their own. So the influence of the better governed countries has led people in to demanding more of the same from their own governments. Critical to the success of any society is the access of its ruling class to accurate information. Without a valid understanding of what is happening in the world, at home and abroad, it is impossible to make good decisions. In a democracy, the ruling class is - at least by definition - "We the People," and therefore the citizens of a democracy must have open access to information to make their decisions about their governors and the direction of their destiny. (Kohanski, 2008). The internet has made people better citizens of their own countries also. However, the biggest impact of internet has been the sense of belonging that it has given to its users. People now feel more in tune with their own feelings for their own country. Suppose some person is staying in the U. S. A. he is a citizen of Israel and before his coming to the states, he was a very active citizen of Lebanon. After his going to live in the States, he feels a strong feeling that he does not belong to the states i.e. he is an outsider there. Then he goes on the internet, and accidentally finds some other people from Lebanon who are staying in the states. He shares his feelings with them. But after meeting with them for a few times, he discovers that he has some feelings with which they do not agree. He is also interested in rock music. So he searches online for bars owned by persons, and meets a few who have become citizens of the states. He becomes better aware of the fact that he is not alo ne in the states and that even though the people who have become citizens of the

Problem Identification Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Problem Identification - Essay Example In 2011, the World Health Organization (WHO) argued that the risk of cardiovascular disease is increased by the lack of control or detection of hypertension. In that publication, W.H.O claimed that an increase in blood pressure by 20/10 mmHg from such a level as 115/75 mmHg doubles the risk of cardiovascular disease (WHO, 2011). The eighth Joint National Commission panel (JNC 8) developed an evidence-based guideline for managing high blood pressure in adults. The guideline was captured in nine recommendations. Each recommendation shows its target age bracket, strength and the treatment intervention appropriate for the said age bracket or section of the population. The aim of the current paper is to understand whether the JNC guideline can help reduce the future risk of cardiovascular disease. Rosendorff et al (2007) reckon that hypertension is a major independent risk factor for coronary artery disease. Based on JNC’s definition of hypertension as having a blood pressure of greater or equal to 140/90 mm Hg, Rosendorff et al (2007) concluded that sixty five million American adults have hypertension. This was equivalent to one fourth of the population of the United States as at 2007. The study also concluded that one fourth of the population of the United States was in prehypertension stage that the JNC stipulated as systolic blood pressure of between 120 and 139 mm Hg or a diastolic blood pressure ranging between 80 and 89 mm Hg (Rosendorff et. al., 2007). Rosendorff et al (2007) noted that blood pressure is strongly related to age but that the relationship is complicated. As one progresses through life up to age fifty, the systolic blood pressure rises in line with diastolic blood pressure. Systolic blood pressure continues rising after fifty years of age but diastolic blood pressure starts decelerating. According to their study, more than half of the American population above

Principles of Managing Information and Producing Documents Essay Example for Free

Principles of Managing Information and Producing Documents Essay Unit title: Principles of managing information and producing documents 1. Understand the purpose of information technology in a business environment 1. 1 Identify different types of information technology that may be used for work tasks Types of technology that could be used to do tasks at work are computer software like: Microsoft Word which is software used to create documents Excel is software that can be used for storing and organising data. Publisher is software which is used to create almost anything from documents to greeting cards. Could also use a fax machine, telephone and send emails. 1. 2 Outline the benefits of using information technology for work tasks The benefits of using technology for work tasks include: Speed – A computer can search through files and records quickly to find the information you require. It can also make it quicker and easier to change a mistake. Editing – If you hand write documents if there was a mistake you would have to retype from scratch, but on the computer documents can be easily amended. Quality – On the computer there are many tools that make the quality of a document better like spell and grammar check, templates, different fonts and emboldening, borders, bullet points or numbering and all them enable high quality documents to be produced. Access – On a computer you can control who gets access to the documents because you can just send it to certain people or if you have a password on the computer it restricts who can get on. 1. Understand how to manage electronic and paper based information 1. 1 Explain the purpose of agreeing objectives and deadline for researching information The purpose of agreeing objectives and deadlines is to ensure that you collect all the needed information to complete the task given and you will have a correct date to finish it by. You will also know what sort of resources to use to collect the data because depending on what you’re looking for something’s could be copy righted which you cannot use because it’s illegal. 1. 2 Identify different ways of researching, organising and reporting information Different sources of research are: Paper-based like libraries and newspapers. Technological which is internet, CD/DVDS and television. Asking people which is primary research and gathering research yourself is secondary. To organize information you could: Organise informations according to relevance. Put it in numeric or alphabetical order. Keep it in date order. Different ways of Filing information: Numeric order. Alphabetical Date To report information means keep a log of your information and its sources. First you should plan a report and know what the purpose is for it, then find the data you need to write a report, should then produce a draft and check everything you need is there and then finalise your report and checking it again. 1. 1 Describe procedures to be followed for archiving, retrieving and deleting information, including legal requirements, if required Electronic and paper-based methods: Out guide/Absent cards – Are used when someone removes a file from the shelf and they will insert an out guide in its place which will say which file has been taken and who has taken it. Cross Referencing – So if input onto the computer with a number you can find the original in the files. File retention polices – A company has to keep certain documents for a certain amount of time. Indexing – To keeping a list of names or subjects with references to the pages so able to find when needing the original copy from a file. You can store information on a hard drive inside your pc, you can save it onto a CD/DVD or a memory stick. You can keep data safe by having a password on everything that needs to be kept private, and could have locked away in a certain order in some unit cabinets so only certain people can get in and see the information. The best way to dispose important and personal data is to shred it. 1. 2 Explain why confidentiality is critical when managing information Confidential information could be someone’s personal details like their home address and bank details which must be kept secure under legislation requirements. It is important to keep details confidential to avoid identity theft, also makes clients feel more secure knowing there information is safe because they would not want anybody to find out there details. You can keep data secured manually which is held in a locked area or cabinet, or keep it electronically that is password controlled. 2. Understand the purpose of producing documents that are fit-for-purpose 2. 1 Identify reasons for producing documents that are fit-for-purpose Documents should be fit for purpose so that it is suitable for the audience it is intended for and so that it meets the company standards. To do this you need to make sure that the document is readable, is accurate on details and enhances the organisations reputation. 2. 2 Describe different types and styles of documents and when they are used Different types and styles of documents have different people to use for – Letters for clients and customers Emails with attachments for circulation information to colleagues Reports for providing information to colleagues Most companies have a certain house style template for documents which is formatted accordingly to the guidelines of the certain organisation. Having a template specific to the company has the benefit of promoting the company image and having consistency with documents. 1. Know the procedures to be followed when producing documents 1. 1 Identify reasons for agreeing the purpose, content, layout, quality standards and deadlines for the production of document Reasons may include ensuring the correct format is used for the type of document being produced, because if the purpose is unclear the document will not make sense as it needs to. Content – So you know how to write the document correctly for the audience. Style – Varies on the type of document, so if it was an agreement then a formal standard style would be used. Deadline – Makes the time frame clear for something to be complete, also gives the client a clear time when the project should be finished by. Efficiency Makes the company look more professional and organised. Repetition – Doing good quality work on time gives a good impression of the company which could mean more work because they will be recommended because of its good repetition. 1. 2 Describe ways of checking finished documents for accuracy and correctness, and the purpose of doing so Ways of checking finished documents are by using the spell and grammar checker to ensure there are no mistakes, or you could ask a colleague to check the document to make sure all the necessary information has been included. You should always check that money, date, name and address details are all correct because if the address or money are incorrect someone wrong could be getting a lot or not enough money they need which would have a negative impact on the business and could lead to lost custom. 1. 3 Explain the purpose of confidentiality and data protection procedures when preparing documents You will be observing the Data Protection Act (1998) and policies and procedures of the organisation, this covers, Secure storage of documents Who should have access This is to avoid, Loss of personal data Damage to the business Prosecution The most sensitive information is anything that belongs in a personnel file like: Forms relating to employee benefits. Complaints from customers/co-workers. Records of attendance Warnings or other disciplinary actions Medical/Insurance records Litigation documents Forms providing emergency contacts Wage forms The information in a personnel file should be private and should have log ins to get into if saved onto a computer or saved in locked files and the only people that need access to it for wages etc, will have a key or the password. 1. 1 Compare different types of documents that may be produced from notes and the formats to be followed Documents that can be produced from notes are: Memo – The format will include â€Å"To†¦From†¦Ref†¦Date†¦Ã¢â‚¬  and then the relevant information being communicated. Letter – Printed on company header paper, listing reference, date, name, address, and subject, letter content, from, signature, name and job title. Also if the letter is confidential this must be stated. Report – Title, Introduction, Body of report, a conclusion, consistency of format is essential i. e. using the same font size and style throughout. Minutes – Title of the meeting, date was held, who attended. Agenda – Include apologies for absence, minuets of previous meeting, what it’s about, date, and time. 1. 2 Explain the procedures to be followed when preparing text from notes Procedures to follow when preparing text from notes Purpose for the notes. Format for the document. Check the notes to confirm right and amend if needed. Check you have all correct notes to make a document. Produce document. Check document.

Enrich Maria Remarque: A Militant Pacifist :: essays research papers

Enrich Maria Remarque: A Militant Pacifist   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The First World War was a horrible experience for all sides involved, no one was immune to the effects of this global conflict, and each country was changed in many ways. Erich Maria Remarque was drafted into World War I at age 18. In 1929 Remarque’s first book All Quiet on the Western Front was published. Throughout the book, the death and destruction caused by battle is clearly shown. Remarque's novel is a statement against war, focusing dramatically on the extreme effects of war on the humanity of soldiers. Biography   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Erich Paul Remark was born on June 22, 1898 In Western Germany. In 1913 Remark began to attend a teachers college called Osnabruck’s Lehrerseminar. During his third year when he was eighteen he was drafted into the war. After finishing basic training in the war he was assigned to a reserve battalion. His mother became very ill, so he was often allowed to visit her. In June 1917 he was reassigned to a trench unit. Remark was soon injured by grenade splinters and rushed to St. Vincenz hospital in Duisburg during 1917-1918. His mother died while he was in the hospital. After a year in the hospital he returned to Osnabruck for further training. The war had ended before Witt 2 he returned to active duty. After the war he changed his middle name to Maria after his mother.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Remark went back to college after the war. He graduated and started his two-year substitute training in 1919. Finally he got bored teaching, and did different odd jobs such as, playing organ on Sundays at an insane asylum, working for a tombstone firm, working as a small town drama critic, and racing sports cars. In 1920 he published a novel that was so bad he changed the spelling of his last name to Remarque. His book All Quiet on the Western Front was published in 1929 and Remarque â€Å"became a spokesman of a generation that was destroyed by war†-Kirjas. Many people loved the book, and according to New York Times, All Quiet was â€Å"one of the best-known anti-war novels ever, which decepted the horrors of war from the point of view of the ordinary soldiers†. In 1930 the Nazis banned his books and burned them at the famous book burning in 1933; Remarque later stated, â€Å"I was only misunderstood where people went out of their way to misunderst and me†.

Nostradamus :: essays research papers

Nostradamus   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Michel De Nostradame, otherwise known as Nostradamus was born December 14, 1503. His family was of Jewish ancestry. His grandfather, Pierre de Nostradame, had settled in Provence because by the mid-1400s, many Jews had come to live there. Nostradamus' father was Jacques de Nostradame. Jacques worked as a scholary, since most people didn't know how to write he wrote things for them, from love letters to formal documents. Jacques' income provided a good home at the time. Nostradamus' earliest recollection of his home was the following:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Typical of all provenà §al homes in the sixteenth century was the room where both domestic and social life was carried on. The center and symbol of the room's activity was the great fireplace, majestic, caver-   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  nous, holding a banked fire that never went out since his mother and   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  father moved in. Shining pots and pans of brass hung low from the   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  mantle shelf. At either angle of the fireplace was an oak settle were his grandfathers liked to laze and talk when they came to visit. On the walls hung light cabinet shelves holding salt and spices.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Nostradamus had one definite brother, Cà ¨sar who wrote Histoire de Provence, a book which sustains the myth of the Nostradamus royal line. Historians think Nostradamus had three other brothers, Bertrand, Hector, and Antoine, but they are not sure and almost nothing is known about them besides their names.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Nostradamus was educated by his grandfathers. First Peyrot, who had been a great traveler, brought Nostradamus up in his home. He taught Nostradamus the basics of mathematics, Greek, Latin, Hebrew, and Astrology. After Peyrot de Nostradamus' death Nostradamus moved back in with his parents, Jacques and Reynià ¨re. It is thought that his other grandfather took over his education for a while, but the family decided to send Nostradamus to Avignon, which at that period was the center of Renaissance learning. At Avignon, Nostradamus spent many hours at University libraries. Nostradamus' biggest interest was astrology. His interest in astrology began to worry his parents, and by the advice of his grandfather he was sent to the University of Montpellier to study medicine. The University of Montpellier was regarded as second only to that of Paris in all of France. Nostradamus arrived there in 1522 at nineteen years of age. In three years he studied all the subjects needed for his bachelor's degree. He was tutored by some of the finest doctors in Europe. The process of getting a degree was far more arduous than in the present day, and lasted much longer. A successful candidate was given his license to practice by the bishop of Montpellier.

Speech on 14th August

Child labour and poverty are inevitably bound together and if you continue to use the labour of children as the treatment for the social disease of poverty, you will have both poverty and child labour to the end of time. (Grace Abbott) Today, there are millions of children who work as wage-earners. They are deprived of childhood, love, nutrition and social association. Child labour emerged during the industrial revolution and today it has become a very serious problem. It is a world-wide phenomenon. Extreme poverty large families, lack of free and compulsory education These children have no chance to attend school and have no choice except to work as unskilled labour. These children are compelled to live below poverty line all their lives. There are many laws against child labour in Pakistan and in other countries but these laws alone cannot control the exploitation of children. We must get the support of all the people of the society to control this menace. According to the law, no child below the age of fourteen can be employed in any hazardous job. Another law states that children should not be made to work beyond their capacity and they should be given opportunities and facilities to develop in a healthy manner. However, all these laws have failed to check the problem of child labour. Stringent laws should be enacted and exemplary punishment should be given to those who exploit children for their selfish end SPARC has conducted research that goes into producing its publications, including three major books on child labour, juvenile justice and child rights. Its annual report The State of Pakistan’s Children and a large number of brochures, SPARC has conducted a number of research studies. SPARC has continued to ask successive governments to upgrade their laws to set a legal age limit for employment in Pakistan, although they have not been successful in doing so.

buy custom The Difference between ETF’s and Mutual Funds essay

buy custom The Difference between ETF’s and Mutual Funds essay Nowadays, there are numerous options which serve as a powerful and flexible tool to handle a variety of trading strategies. Among them, there is a choice between buying a mutual or an exchange-traded fund (ETF), which may influence the investors success and the amount of money they can make. Therefore, it is crucial to know the differences between ETFs and mutual funds as well as their nature. Mutual Fund A mutual fund is a portfolio of shares, carefully selected and acquired by professional financiers from numerous investors for the purpose of purchasing securities, including stocks, money market instruments, and bonds. The cost of the funds shares is equal to the total value of fund investments divided by the number of shares (U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, n.d.). The main advantage for investors is the risk reduction because of the distribution of investments among a large number of different companies. Another advantage of mutual funds is the saving time as buying a share, people do not spend their time managing the investment. Furthermore, special finance managers work hard to make money, hence bringing a great profit to clients. Instead of independent persons analysis of industries and companies, professional managers analyze all factors and make an appropriate decision (ICI, 2007). This option is ideal for those who do not have either time, desire, or ability to engage in an analysis of the securities Moreover, due to countless transactions in mutual funds, the total amount of commission decreases significantly. If to compare the commission in mutual funds to the commission that a person would have paid by buying many shares independently, the difference will be obvious. When mutual fund collects a huge capital, then to produce a deal on a large scale, the transaction should costs cheaper, which is another advantage of mutual funds, especially for investors. Exchange-Traded Fund ETF is a type of funds, which presupposes hedging risks and investing in certain markets or individual sectors of the economy. It is a passive management strategy traded on public exchanges (U.S. Security and Exchange Commission, 2012). A purchase and sale of ETF do not differ from similar transactions with individual stocks. ETFs allow implementing an index investment strategy with minimal costs. The low cost and flexibility of the strategy are among the main advantages of ETFs for investors. Each ETF replicates the structure of one of the stock indices. Therefore, it allows traders to invest directly in the stock index of the leading stock exchanges of the world. In addition, ETFs may follow the structure of the bond, commodity, or currency indices. There is also ETF, which replicates the structure of regional or sectoral indices (Antoniewicz Heinrichs, 2014). Therefore, ETFs are a good tool for portfolio diversification. Main Differences The main difference between ETFs and the mutual funds is that ETFs trade only on the exchange that can be purchased through a broker. On the contrary, one can buy a share in mutual funds only from the company that manages these funds (Egan, 2014). Moreover, ETF not only combines all the advantages of mutual funds but also has a number of other significant strengths. For example, the procedure of selling and buying in ETFs is similar to that of a common stock. People can invest at any time when they have the opportunity, paying the price indicated at the moment of the purchase. Unlike EFTs, one can invest in a mutual fund only based on the prices established when the market closes (Egan, 2014). In addition, in EFTs, the management fees and the minimum contribution for investment is lower than that of the mutual funds (Egan, 2014). A person can trade ETF shares on margin or to buy the ETF option, which significantly expands the range of capabilities in building trading strategy. ETFs faithfully replicate the change in the price of stocks of the total market and the individual sectors, bonds, commodities, and other assets. Conclusion To summarize, it is worth saying that the main differences between the two options are the number of shares offered, the presence of a mediator in the form of a broker, affordability, and duration of the procedure of purchase. Buy custom The Difference between ETF’s and Mutual Funds essay

Memorandum Essay Example

Memorandum Essay Example Memorandum Essay Memorandum Essay This is to request your approval to distribute the Depression Handout prepared for the institution’s entire population. The handouts are support materials to the powerpoint presentation to be used during our regular learning session at the end of the month where we scheduled the topic on depression. They are worded and formatted for easy understanding of the inmates and induce support and cooperation. Depression may be experienced by a number of inmates especially that a growing number of them are resorting to alcoholism and drugs. It is important that knowledge of this condition be known to everybody so that whoever may be in having depression will be understood and provided treatment. It is the objective of this project to identify who among the inmates are experiencing depression and may be encouraged to subject themselves to treatment. With this humble project, Michael and many others may be saved from further sufferings and at least make their stay in this institution worthwhile living. For your approval, please. Handling Depression â€Å"I am now the most miserable man living. If what I feel were equally distributed to the whole human family, there would be not one cheerful face on earth. Whether I shall ever be better, I cannot tell. I awfully forebode I shall not. To remain as I am is impossible. I must die or be better it appears to me.† Abhraham Lincoln (who suffered from depression in his adult life) We are one community in this institution. We have among us, those that suffer from depression. It may be them, it may be you. What is important is that you know the circumstances, what it is and how to go about it. 1. What is depression? When you feel an extremely deep sadness and lose the interest in any thing you do, a feeling of worthlessness and hopelessness, and when you cannot eat and sleep well and have problems in concentrating and physical complaints, chances are, you have depression. 2. If you are depressed, then you are not alone. One out of five people will have depression at some time in their life. One in 2o Americans suffer from depression severe enough to require medical treatment. (Bloomfield 1996) 3. You do not have to suffer, depression can be treated. Statistics say that more than 80% of people with depression can be successfully treated. Treatments are usually short term and through medication or counseling therapy. (Bloomfield 1996) Treatment of the illness is usually inexpensive but there is no price for better health, efficiency, improved relationship and enjoyable life. 4. Alcohol and drugs will not help. Resorting to alcohol and drug abuse will not help the situation. It will only worsen and there will be no relief. Many inmates tried to get drunk just to get over the emotional low, but they never felt relieved of it, worse, some tried even suicide which is very dangerous. 5. If you know that you need help then do not hesitate. Let the doctor know. Going through depression on your own does not make you brave. Asking for help is brave. There is no price for better health, efficiency, improved relationship and enjoyable life. References 1. Bloomfield, Harold H. and Peter McWilliams (1996) â€Å"How to Deal with Depression† About.com. Retrieved 12 October 2007 from http://alcoholism.about.com/gi/dynamic/offsite.htm?zi=1/XJ/Yasdn=alcoholismcdn=healthtm=49gps=61_12_788_419f=20su=p247.3.140.ip_p284.8.150.ip_tt=14bt=0bts=0zu=http%3A//www.hypericum.com/dep/dep1a.htm 2. â€Å"Depression† (2007) Psychiatry24x7.com Jannsen Pharmaceutica NV. Retrieved 12 October 2007 from psychiatry24x7.com/homes/depression.jhtml

Presidents Who Were Masons

Presidents Who Were Masons There are at least 14 presidents who were Masons, or Freemasons, according to the secretive fraternal organization and presidential historians. The list of presidents who were Masons includes the likes of George Washington and Theodore Roosevelt to Harry S. Truman and Gerald Ford. Truman was one of two presidents- the other was Andrew Jackson- to achieve the rank of grandmaster, the highest ranking position in a Masonic lodge jurisdiction. Washington, meantime, earned the highest possible position, that of master, and has a Masonic memorial named after him in Alexandria, Virginia, whose mission is to highlight the contributions of Freemasons to the nation. American presidents were among many of the nations most powerful men who were members of the Freemasons. Joining the organization was seen as a rite of passage, even a civic duty, in the 1700s. It also got some presidents into trouble. Here is a complete list of presidents who were Masons, drawn from the organizations own records as well as the historians who chronicled its importance in American life. George Washington Washington, the nations first president, became a Mason in Fredericksburg, Virginia, in 1752. He has been quoted as saying, The object of Freemasonry is to promote the happiness of the human race. James Monroe Monroe, the nations fifth president, was initiated as a Freemason in 1775 before he was even 18 years old. He eventually became a member of the Masons lodge in Williamsburg, Virginia. Andrew Jackson Jackson, the nations seventh president, was considered a devout Mason who defended the lodge from critics. Andrew Jackson was loved by the Craft. He was Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of Tennessee and presided with masterly ability. He died as a Mason should die. He met the great Masonic foe and fell calmly beneath his silent blows, it was said of Jackson at the installation of a monument on his behalf in Memphis, Tennessee. James K. Polk Polk, the 11th president, began as a Mason in 1820 and achieved the rank of junior warden in his jurisdiction in Columbia, Tennessee, and earned the royal arch degree. In 1847, he helped in a Masonic ritual of laying a cornerstone at the Smithsonian Institute, Washington, D.C., according to William L. Boyden. Boyden was a historian who wrote Masonic Presidents, Vice Presidents, and signers of the Declaration of Independence. James Buchanan Buchanan, our 15th president and only commander-in-chief to be a bachelor in the White House, joined the Masons in 1817 and achieved the rank of district deputy grand master in his home state of Pennsylvania. Andrew Johnson Johnson, the 17th president of the United States, was a loyal Mason. According to Boyden, At the cornerstone laying of the Baltimore Temple some one suggested that a chair be brought to the reviewing platform for him. Brother Johnson refused it, saying: We all meet on the level. James A. Garfield Garfield, the nations 20th president, was made a Mason in 1861in Columbus, Ohio. William McKinley McKinley, the nations 25th president, was made a Mason in 1865 in Winchester, Virginia. Todd E. Creason, founder of the Midnight Freemasons blog, wrote this about the understated McKinley: He was trusted. He listened much more than he spoke. He was willing to admit when he was wrong. But McKinley’s greatest character trait was his honesty and integrity. He twice turned down the nomination for President because he felt each time that the Republican Party had violated its own rules in nominating him. He squashed the nomination both times-something a politician today would probably view as an unthinkable act. William McKinley is a very good example of what a true and upright Mason should be. Theodore Roosevelt Roosevelt, the 26th president, was made a Freemason in New York in 1901. He was known for his virtue and refusal to use his status as a Mason for political gain. Wrote Roosevelt: If you are a mason you will of course understand that it is expressly forbidden in masonry to attempt to use the order in any way for anyone’s political advantage, and it must not be done. I should emphatically object to any effort so to use it. William Howard Taft Taft, the 27th president, was made a Mason in 1909, just before becoming president. He was made a Mason at sight by the grand master of Ohio, meaning he did not have to earn his acceptance into the lodge like most others do. Warren G. Harding Harding, the 29th president, first sought acceptance into the Masonic brotherhood in 1901 but was initially blackballed. He was eventually accepted and held no grudges, wrote John R. Tester of Vermont. While president, Harding took every opportunity to speak for Masonry and attend Lodge meetings when he could, he wrote. Franklin D. Roosevelt Roosevelt, the 32nd president, was a 32nd Degree Mason. Harry S. Truman Truman, the 33rd president, was grand master and 33rd degree Mason. Gerald R. Ford Ford, the 38th president, is the most recent to have been a Mason. He began with the fraternity in 1949. No president since Ford has been a Freemason.